The Ukrainian Drones Taking on Russia's Black Sea Fleet

Standing on the shores of a lake with a remote control, a Ukrainian soldier trained his eyes on a small and seemingly innocuous grey vessel as he guided it over the water's surface.

Flipping a joystick, he changed the boat's course in an instant and smiled.

"With a small number of maritime drones, we paralysed the enemy fleet," the soldier known as Thirteen told AFP from an undisclosed location.

Although modest in size, the Magura V5 sea drone has taken down some of Russia's biggest warships and forced the Kremlin's formidable Black Sea fleet to move east.

With a top speed of up to 80 kilometres (50 miles) per hour and the capacity to hold 320 kilogrammes (706 pounds) of explosives, it has wiped Russian vessels from the map, Thirteen said.

Ukraine's ability to deliver repeated blows to Russian ships came as a surprise to many analysts, given Kyiv's limited naval history and resources.

But its success in the key waterway that is the Black Sea has provided a much needed boost to the morale of the army, which has ceded ground to Moscow in recent months.

Among the Magura V5's high-profile casualties are the Russian patrol ship Sergei Kotov, destroyed in March, and the missile ship Ivanovets, hit in February.

The strikes have forced Russia to move its ships towards ports further east or even to the Mediterranean, according to the Ukrainian navy and military observers.

Distracted by the presence of the media, Thirteen forgot the machine had floated away to the shore.

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- Drone war -

Equipped with a propeller like that of a jet ski, the Magura V5 is simple and inexpensive to make, the Ukrainian soldier said.

"Compared to the price of a warship, let's say it's free," he said, jokingly.

He added that a single Russian missile ship "alone is worth more than all the drones used last year and this year".

Military specialists agree.

The use of such inexpensive drones is a "very unusual situation" that has never happened in another conflict, Huseyn Aliyev, Eastern Europe analyst at the University of Glasgow, told AFP.

He said the number of drones used on land and at sea during the war, now in its third year, had risen "incredibly."

"It's probably the number-one weapon these days, more important than artillery," he said.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky recently praised the Magura V5 as an example of a domestically made weapon that shows Russia "aggression comes at a cost".

Zelensky also signed a decree in February creating a separate drone force within the Ukrainian army.

According to Aliyev, being able to produce maritime drones at home has given Ukraine a "considerable advantage" at sea and expertise "that no other country has".

"We rely on no-one," said Thirteen. "And nobody else but us has sunk this many ships."

He said Russians were trying to find solutions to counter and destroy the Magura V5 by putting more machine guns on their ships.

"We are one step ahead, even if the war is constantly evolving," the serviceman said as he watched the small sea drone sail under a blazing sun.

"This is only the beginning of the drone war."